In the video, you learned about the functional groups that characterize alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. This table summarizes the information for all functional groups you have learned.
| Group | Description | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol | A hydroxyl (-OH) group. |
|
| Aldehyde | A carbonyl group (=O); double-bonded oxygen located at the end of a carbon chain. |
The general structure of an aldehyde, which uses the letter R to represent the carbon chain. The carbon atom is double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to hydrogen. |
| Ketone | A carbonyl group (=O); double-bonded oxygen located within a carbon chain. |
The general structure of a ketone which uses the R1 and R2 to represent the two carbon chains present in the structure. In the middle of the R1 and R2 is a carbon atom, which is double bonded to oxygen. |
| Ester | An ester group (a double-bonded oxygen and oxygen within a carbon chain). |
The general structure of an ester, which uses the letter R to represent the two carbon chains present in the structure. Next to one R is a carbon atom that is double bonded to oxygen. That carbon atom is also single bonded to an oxygen atom, which is bonded to a second R. |
| Carboxylic Acid | A carboxyl group [both a carbonyl (=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) group]. |
The general structure of a carboxylic acid that uses the letter R to represent the carbon chain. The R is bonded to a carbon atom, which is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl (OH-) group. |
Let's Practice
Practice identifying the functional groups by matching each with its correct description in this activity.
