Although the human face is among the most recognizable patterns in our daily lives, there are many more types of patterns that surround us. Air traffic patterns keep flights smooth and safe, musical patterns create harmonious melodies, and fractal patterns shape how trees grow.

It's no wonder that so many artists use patterns to grab the attention of our pattern-loving brains. When it comes to design, a pattern is a repeated element or decoration that covers an area of a composition. Like texture, pattern can reinforce or highlight shapes and forms, or make surfaces more dynamic and compelling. To create a bold, attention-getting effect, the artist might use strong and colorful patterns of large shapes. To create a more subdued or refined effect, the artist might choose a subtle, muted pattern of small or closely-related elements without high contrast. In general, pattern has two main functions in art and design: it is used to unify or organize an area or object, and it also provides visual enrichment and interest.