Just like in heraldry, a well designed-flag is a matter of combining basic shapes, proportions, and design elements into a pleasing, simple, striking pattern that contains the necessary symbolism. The elements of the design should not be overly complicated or impossible to recognize when displayed on the reverse of the flag (for this reason, lettering is considered in bad taste). The design should not be overly detailed since flags are often viewed from far away and details will be lost by distance. The most effective flags are simple, eye catching, and meaningful.

Each element (colors, shapes, etc.), however simple, should have a symbolic purpose that relates to what the flag stands for. In Webster's Concise Encyclopedia of Flags & Coats of Arms, ed. Crampton, reprint 1985, (United Nations) UN: “In the center of a light blue field there is the white badge of the UN–a simplified map of the world between the North Pole and 60 degrees south with all the inhabited continents shown in outline. The map is flanked by two olive branches.... Blue and white are the colors of the UN, the olive branches symbolize world peace, and the map of the world shows the extent of the UN's sphere of influence.” The light blue background was chosen as an internationally neutral color–the color of the sky as seen from every nation on Earth.

The North American Vexillological Association defines five principles of good flag design as shown below. Keep these in mind as you begin to design your own flag at the end of this lesson.

1. Keep it simple.
   
2. Use meaningful symbols.
   
3. Use 2-3 basic colors.
   
4. No lettering or seals.
5. Be distinctive or be related.