Although these tools are different in many ways, they are alike in that they all make marks on the paper.
You will notice that very dark marks on a light paper will show up much more clearly than light marks will. (The dark marks contrast with the light paper.) You can easily see why the printed words show up on this page. It is because the dark words show up against the light paper. This is called contrast between dark and light values.
In drawing, you must decide what parts to make dark and what parts to make light. You will not want to put your darkest marks in the least important parts of her drawing. Plan your picture to have the darkest contrasts on those things that you want to stand out the most, and the least contrast on those things that you do not want to stand out too strongly. In addition, the contrasts of dark and light are used to present a balance to the art work by arranging the values. This means, do not put all black or dark tones in only one area of your art work.
Since each tool has a different quality, each makes the dark tones using different methods particular to the tool used. If you make your picture with cutout shapes of black and white paper, the shapes will be a solid, flat-black or a solid-white tone. But if you make your picture with pointed tools, like pencils or pens, he will use lines to make the dark tones. Pens and pencils can only make lines—not solid shapes.
Crosshatching Value Graduation
When the lines are drawn closer together they make darker tones as illustrated above. This use of lines to build light or dark tones is called crosshatching.
