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How do you show divergence?

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Let's break it down...

In linear perspective, all lines run in one of three directions: horizontally, vertically, or towards the single vanishing point on the horizon. In two-point perspective, all lines also run in one of three directions: toward one of the two vanishing points on the horizon or vertically. This creates the illusion that there is depth going in two different directions.

Study the images below and decide if they have a linear or two-point perspective. Click on the image to find the answer.

gallery
gallery

This artwork uses a linear perspective, which is shown by the angled lines running to the single vanishing point. The rest of the lines are vertical or horizontal.

st-peter-s-basilica-under-construction
st-peter-s-basilica-under-construction2

This artwork uses a two-point perspective. The lines on the left of the artwork are at a sharp angle and meet at a vanishing point on the artwork, even though it is not specifically shown. The lines running to the right meet at a vanishing point that is not within the frame. We know that this is not a linear perspective because the vertical lines appear straight and the horizontal lines are angled toward the vanishing points.

cycle
cycle2

This artwork uses a two-point perspective, which is shown in the way the vertical lines appear straight while the horizontal lines run up and out of the image towards two separate vanishing points on a horizon that is not shown. The perspective created by the artist lets the viewer know that the natural horizon line would end up being above the frame of the artwork. The lines slowly angle together to let the viewer know that they lead to the same place.

galloping-horse-1912
galloping-horse-1912

This artwork is different than the others because it does not feature architecture. It uses linear perspective, with all lines leading to a vanishing point located right at the head of the horse. This is another way to create a focal point. Linear perspective is the type of perspective most used in artwork that does not have an architectural focus.

As you have seen, linear perspective draws the viewer's eyes into the image while two-point perspective draws the eyes out and away. Two-point perspective makes the viewer wonder what may be happening out of the artwork's frame and creates a deeper sense of space. It is typically easier to create a two-point perspective in architectural-type drawings because of the straight lines and geometric shapes. Still, it is possible to draw other subjects on imaginary lines leading to two different vanishing points. Study the following image and see if you can determine where the vanishing points are. Then, click on the image to flip it and see the imaginary lines drawn in.

In this work, the artist uses some architectural elements to establish lines to the vanishing points, but the positions of the bags and the cat create lines that lead to the vanishing points. This creates a deep sense of space in the artwork and suggests that there are other things located outside the frame. This is also one way to make an artwork look more realistic.