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Egypt expanded from the shores of the Nile to reach the shores of the Euphrates.

Situated along the Nile River, the Egyptian Empire lasted from 1539-30 BCE and stretched from present-day Sudan up to the Euphrates River in Iraq. Egypt was ruled by a long line of pharaohs, dynastic leaders who claimed absolute authority over their people. Because its rulers were so absolute in their approach to governing, Egypt's government during this time is considered authoritarian.

Persian Empire 1480 BCE

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Question

Egypt was originally two kingdoms that were united around 3100 BCE. Knowing what you know about how Egypt was ruled, how do you think the kingdoms were united?

by an authoritarian leader; The kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united by Narmer, who laid the foundation for empire. This pharaoh was followed by over 300 more during 34 Egyptian dynasties.

Question

The Egyptians developed writing, monumental architecture, and a complex religion. What famous Egyptian creation combined all three?

the pyramid; The pyramid, Egypt’s most famous monumental architecture, was a royal tomb that the Egyptians believed had the power to send the pharaoh to the afterlife. The inside rooms of the pyramids are covered in writing and art that described the pharaoh and his accomplishments in life and hopes for the afterlife.

Question

If the Egyptian empire at its height (1539-1075 BCE) reached from Sudan to the Euphrates River, what other empires would it have come into conflict with?

Persia and Greece; Persia was located in modern-day Iraq, centered between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Greece controlled the Mediterranean and was threatened by Egypt’s domination of the southeastern shores of that sea.

Question

The Egyptians left much evidence of their beliefs and practices--artifacts that continue to fascinate scientists, scholars, and everyone else to this day. Can you list the Egyptian artifacts and practices that most people associate with ancient Egypt?

mummification, pyramids, hieroglyphs, 365-day calendar, irrigation