You know that a function is a relation between values where every value in the domain is mapped to exactly one value in the range.
What happens if you flip the values in the domain and range. In other words, all the values that were in the domain are now in the range and all the values that were in the range are now in the domain.
This is an inverse relationship to the original function.
Even if you are just given the equation that represents a function you can easily figure out the equation that represents its inverse.
This is useful when you have a formula that converts one unit of measurement to another but you need to do the conversion in reverse. You can find the inverse of the formula!